Cadmium

Cadmium (Cd) is a heavy metal found naturally in the earth's crust. It is released into the environment through industrial processes such as mining, smelting, and battery production, and through the burning of fossil fuels. Humans are primarily exposed to cadmium through contaminated food, water, and tobacco smoke. Once absorbed, cadmium accumulates in the kidneys and liver, with a long biological half-life. It is classified as a human carcinogen and can have toxic effects on various organ systems. Assessment of cadmium levels in blood can reflect recent and historical exposure.